Saturday, July 2, 2011

AWS adds Identity Management

Amazon Web Services has added a new feature to the existing AWS Control Panel, AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM). Almost 9 months in development but offered for no extra cost, AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) lets you manage users, groups of users, and access permissions for AWS services and resources.

According to an Amazon IAM product page “Using IAM you can create users (representing a person, an organization, or an application, as desired) within an existing AWS Account. You can also group users to apply the same set of permissions. The groups can represent functional boundaries (development vs. test), organizational boundaries (main office vs. branch office), or job function (manager, tester, developer, or system administrator).”

Newly created users have no permissions and all permission control is controlled using policy documents containing policy statements which grant or deny access to AWS service actions or resources. This tight integration of Identity and Access management across AWS products means granular access to applications, file systems and databases can now better reflect complex corporate enterprise environments and multi-tenant environments.

Examples on the AWS blog drill down to the command line driven environment. Once a user is created access permissions, group membership and application access.

“The iam-useraddpolicy command is used to add permissions to a user. The iam-groupaddpolicy command can be used to do the same for a group. Let's add a policy that gives me (user "jeff") permission to use the IAM APIs on users under the "/app" path. I might not be the only user in my account that should have this permission so I'll start by creating a group and granting the permissions to the group and then add "jeff" to the group.

C:\> iam-groupcreate -g admins
C:\> iam-groupaddpolicy -g admins -p manageusers -e Allow -a "iam:*" -r "arn:aws:iam::889279108296:user/app/*"
C:\> iam-groupadduser -g admins -u jeff

jeff can now create and manage users under the /app path.” According to AWS commands are “fully documented in the IAM CLI reference”.

With IAM included in the AWS Control Panel things are a great deal simpler. A wizard driven process guides an administrator through setting up groups, adding users and editing permissions.

IAM currently integrates with Amazon EC2, Amazon RDS, Amazon S3, Amazon SimpleDB, Amazon SNS, Amazon SQS, Amazon VPC, Auto Scaling, Amazon Route 53, Amazon CloudFront, Amazon ElasticMapReduce, Elastic Load Balancing, AWS CloudFormation, Amazon CloudWatch, and Elastic Block Storage. IAM also integrates with itself — you can use it to give certain users or groups the ability to perform IAM actions such as creation of new users.



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Friday, July 1, 2011

Facebook and Two Factor Authentication (2FA) - for better or worse?


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ComSuper releases tender request for the physical sorting of mail

With services expected to commence on 1 July 2011 for a term of 12 months, Comsuper has released a tender for the physical sorting of mail sent to the ComSuper postal addresses in Belconnen ACT.

The tender focuses on the security of mail reaching ComSuper employees, and states “ComSuper requires the Services to be conducted on each Business Day to intercept and manage potential hazards and threats that may be sent to ComSuper employees, either through the mail or by other means.”

Threats and hazards include, but are not limited to:

Harmful powders;Hazardous chemicals;Biological agents; andExplosives (including sub components of explosives).

Volumes of mail received at the Belconnen addresses have not been specified. The tender documents provide only the guide that “during 2008-09 ComSuper received an average of 361 mail items per Business Day”.

Prior to 8.00am each Business Day, the successful Contractor will be required to collect all mail and, using what the tender describes as “state-of-the-art” equipment, screen each item of mail, separate suspect items, then deliver items which pass the screening process to ComSuper before 8.30am.

Items which are opened must be re-sealed “with tape so contents will not fall out in transit”.

Further, all items mail items that pass the screening process must be marked as “screened on (the date of screening)”. Finally, ComSuper may also require the ad-hoc screening of items that are delivered to the reception area at its Belconnen office which are to be included in the next daily delivery of screened mail.

All Contractor personnel that perform the screening of mail or have access to ComSuper material will be subject to a police records check and any other security check that ComSuper may determine.

All Contractor personnel will also be required to sign Deeds of Confidentiality. The tender closes 14-Jun-2011 2:00 pm (ACT Local time).



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Students help test IPv6 in Australia - “Best School Day Ever!”

“The successful Australian test of IPv6 – the next generation of Internet Protocol – has cleared the way for full implementation”, said Narelle Clark, Vice President of the Internet Society of Australia (ISOC-AU) and coordinator of Australia's activities.

On 8 June 2011, hundreds of Australian websites, organisations and individual Internet users took the opportunity to join the worldwide collaboration to begin operational implementation of IPv6 on the Internet.

ISOC-AU organised a special testing exercise where two school classes – one high school, one primary school - were given the challenge to 'break the Internet' on World IPv6 Day.

Participating students were given access to the the IPv6 Internet courtesy of Studentnet ™ and IPv6Now, even though the schools' current infrastructure only supports IPv4, together with a structured experience of the Internet of the future, based on IPv6.

“Network administrators have been communicating busily for the last 48 hours in preparing and managing IPv6 based networks for 8 June”, said Narelle Clark. “Our conclusion from reports so far, is that IPv6 is ready for mainstream implementation, but more detailed analysis of IPv6 Day performance will continue to uncover any underlying issues, especially for the user experience with older equipment.

“IPv6 just worked on the day”, said Tony Hill, who has been coordinating Australia's discussion of IPv6 since 2005, with the help of the worldwide IPv6 Forum.

“This has been the best school day ever!”, one of the school students was overheard to say.

Organisations are also thinking about security while rolling out IPv6, according to a recent Cisco survey. In an April survey of 101 senior IT executives, 92 percent said their security teams were involved in the transition project. About 60 percent of the respondents reported they were concerned about the transition introducing security vulnerabilities in their environment.

Cisco's survey also found that 78% of senior IT leaders queried have made or are currently making the transition to IPv6. More than half have either sought or plan to seek assistance of outside consultants during the transition, and 92% said their security team is involved in the transition.

Also, 54% deemed the move essential to the organisation, while 73% were concerned about "missing out on the benefits" of IPv6, Cisco said. Of those surveyed, 63% said that an executive committee is overseeing the effort.



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Apple pushes out critical Java security update for OS X users

In an effort to resolve at least two remotely exploitable vulnerabilities that can be taken advantage of whilst a user is browsing the Internet, Apple has released an update to Java SE 6 which appears as 'Java for Mac OS X Update 5 Version 1.0' within the Software Update tab.

All OS X users are strongly encouraged to update, as this update resolves a number of published security issues.

java update mac OS X

According to Oracle, Java Platform Standard Edition (Java SE) is "designed to enable you to develop secure, portable, high-performance applications for the widest range of computing platforms possible."

"Java SE lets you develop and deploy Java applications on desktops and servers, as well as today's demanding embedded and real-time environments."

With a significant global footprint it's no wonder Oracle need to keep on top of the latest vulnerabilities. The latest update to the Java 6 Platform (6 1.6.0_26) was released in the second week of June 2011, and was available immediately to Linux, Windows, and Solaris platforms. Android users are encouraged to update their host and development operating systems where relevant. iOS 4.3 does not support Java.

Paul Ducklin from Sophos points out that Java updates for Mac OS X aren't listed on the Oracle download website. "You can download the latest updates for Linux, Solaris and Windows - and even for the esoteric Itanic processor - but there's no offering for OS X users of any stripe."

Mac users are left to wait for Apple to approve the updates and distribute them, a wait which could be days or even weeks while the Java environment remains unpatched. As recently as May 2011 McAfee reported in a blog post that a new cross-platform malware threat had been seen 'in the wild' - one that can execute on Windows and Mac operating systems with older versions of Java.

"IncognitoRAT is one example of a Java-based Trojan discovered in the wild that is being downloaded and installed by another component. This malware behaves like other Windows botnets but uses source code and libraries that can operate on other platforms" McAfee blog author Carlos Castillo wrote.

IncognitoRAT performs a number of activities, including

Java Remote Control: To view and take remote control (keyboard and mouse) of an infected machineJLayer – MP3 Library: To remotely play an MP3 file on the infected machineRNP-VideoPlayer: To play videos remotelyJavaMail: Optional Java package to send stolen information to an email accountFreedom for Media Java: Open-source alternative to the official Java Media Framework; used by the malware to watch and record images from a remote webcam

One of the most worrying issues fixed by the latest Java release is the ability for a Java applet to escape from Java's much-vaunted protective sandbox.

"Escape from the sandbox means that remotely-served, untrusted applets can trick the system into letting them behave like locally-installed, trusted applications. That's never supposed to happen, and it's always bad." Ducklin explains.

To update, just invoke the Software Update... option under the Apple menu and apply the outstanding Java update.

For corporate networks with large numbers of Mac users this could be a bandwidth intensive task.

There are some solutions available including software which can manage OS X end points centrally. Apple also provides the Software Update Enabler (free from Apple downloads) which points Mac clients later than OS X 10.4 to a local server for system updates.

The Mac OS X Update 5 Version 1.0 update is approximately 80Mb.



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Looking a little closer at the winners of the SC Magazine Awards

2011 marks the third year SC Magazine has incorporated a number of technology awards into the AusCERT gala conference and presentation. Awards receive nominations from across the industry and a panel of thirteen highly experienced security professionals decide the winners.

Vendor of the Year  -  Sourcefire

Sourcefire are a vendor of IPS, IDS, anti-virus solutions, anti-malware software and vulnerability research. Strongly supporting the IDS tool set of Snort and the multi-platform anti-malware solutions of ClamAV, the Sourcefire IPS product set is recognised as a best-of-breed very high speed very low latency solution.

Recently, the Sourcefire 3D8260 IPS sensor was confirmed by NSS Labs to support the delivery of up to 27.6Gbps of real-world throughput while maintaining excellent energy efficiency and low price per Mbps protected figures.

Snort, the Sourcefire IDS, uses a rule-driven language which combines the benefits of signature, protocol and anomaly-based inspection methods. ClamAV is a lightweight end-point anti-malware and anti-virus protection solution which utilises in-cloud real-time detection and analysis strategies. ClamAV has been available for non-Windows platforms for many years, and has excellent support for popular linux distributions such as Ubuntu, Fedora and OpenSUSE.

Product or Service of the Year  -  Imperva SecureSphere

The SecureSphere suite offers solutions which perform file activity monitoring, database activity monitoring and includes a web application firewall. Recently Imperva has introduced products to address cloud security and content control.

Imperva Cloud WAF is a cloud-based Web Application Firewall service for small to mid-enterprise businesses that need to effectively achieve PCI compliance, prevent blacklisting, protect against Web application attacks and improve Website performance.The Imperva Cloud WAF service includes around-the-clock monitoring, tuning, reporting, and incident response.

imperva architecture

With a dedicated management platform allows the central administration, configuration and monitoring of SecureSphere deployed services, SecureSphere can be implemented as redundant scalable hardware or as virtual appliances. A lightweight host agent is available which acts as a collector of events, and can optionally engage user blockout and quarantine functionality in the event of a security violation.

Named to the Wall Street Journal Next Big Thing List Imperva have attained compliance certification in the PCI-DSS sphere through testing by ICSA Labs.

Innovation Award  -  VMInformer Professional

VMinformer moved to Australia from its UK start-up roots early in the company’s history and is now considered a local with its headquarters in Sydney. Providing a security assessment tool set for virtualised environments, benefits include automation functionality, centralised visibility of key security, network configuration, storage configuration as well as the identification of performance issues.

VMInformer version 2.6 has recently been released which includes a number of enhancements to the existing platform. Providing visibility into the security posture of any virtual environment, organisations using virtual computing can now demonstrate security policies and procedures are enforced regardless of the platform or virtualisation implementation.

“This version incorporates some significant improvements which our larger customers such as hosting providers and multi-national enterprises have requested” said John Reeman, CTO and founder. “The development team have improved the core functionality of rapidly providing visibility across thousands of virtualization settings with better drill-down and zoom features which makes it easier to investigate larger storage arrays used in the largest virtualized infrastructures.”

Protector Award  -  M86 Security Secure Web Gateway

The M86 Security Secure Web Gateway claims to be the industry’s fastest and most accurate Web 2.0 gateway, and it’s certainly not short on features. Offering traditional signature based anti-malware functionality and filters for over 90 applications, the Secure Web Gateway also implements granular social media control and Data Loss Prevention technologies with integrated AD or LDAP authentication all wrapped up with multiple deployment options and a single reporting interface.

The ability to provide centralised reporting regardless of the deployment is a strong feature - many vendors struggle to bring reports together from a mixed deployment of hardware appliances, virtualised appliances and the cloud offering.

M86 Security’s latest Threat Preditions report explained why M86 is concentrating on the Web 2.0 to keenly. “From recent cross-site scripting (XSS) and cross-site request forgery attacks to the ‘likejacking’ attacks, increase in spam and sensationalised headline applications on Facebook, cybercriminals are constantly tooling and retooling, finding ways to exploit the social networks.”

“This is because there is more success and payoff in assuming the identity of someone a user knows than in pretending to be a Nigerian Prince.”

M86 has also recently announced its own patented Real-time Code Analysis behaviour inspection technology which can be used to scan data at the gateway for operations, parameters, script manipulations and other exploitations for a given piece of content in order to determine whether that active content will potentially perform a malicious action when loaded onto the browser.

According to M86 through its Dynamic Web Repair technology it can even remove malicious content from a compromised site and provide a repaired page to the user, rather than simply block the entire page.

Gatekeeper Award  -  NetWitness NextGen for forensics

Recently acquired by EMC and now operating as a line of business within RSA, NetWitness is a network monitoring platform that provides enterprises a precise and actionable understanding of everything happening on the network. Information from the platform provides administrators with data on insider threats, zero-day exploits and targeted malware, advanced persistent threats, fraud, espionage, data leakage, and continuous monitoring of security controls.

Canberra based Netwitness sales director Michael Hodge tells an impressive story, claiming to be able to record “everything” through an architecture with three core components: Decoder, Concentrator and Broker. While there are many competitors in this space it is the way Netwitness collects, analyses and brokers collected data which makes it stand out.

Decoders collect and normalise network data and work with Concentrators to sort, aggregate and classify data using a complex but logical metadata framework. In turn a Broker communicates with Concentrators to run queries across the data which is then provided to other Netwitness applications and a richly featured API.

By using this infrastructure, hundreds of Decoders could be deployed in a large network which talk to tens of Concentrators providing data to a single broker. The ability for network forensics staff to drill into even the smallest event and understand how that event occurred is exceptionally powerful.

netwitness nextgen architecture

“This pervasive and accurate visibility helps organizations resolve a wide variety of the most challenging cyber-security problems, such as insider threats and fraud, electronic crime, nation-sponsored attacks and data leakage problems,” says Chief Security Officer Eddie Schwartz.

Schwartz comes from a strong security background bosting a 25-year background in information security and privacy, specialising in the financial services and federal government sectors. He has also worked as a technology management consultant for several large commercial and U.S. government entities as well as the U.S. departments of Justice and State.

SME  -  McAfee endpoint protection

McAfee’s endpoint protection solution is well regarded as one of the fastest, most accurate and most operating system agnostic of all anti-virus/anti-malware security companies. Protecting Windows, Mac, and Linux systems, as well as Android and Windows Mobile devices, McAfee uses a combination of signature and behavioural (reputation) algorithms to secure systems and data against sophisticated malware, botnet and zero-day attacks, as well as unauthorised applications.

McAfee’s focus on end point protection appears to be drifting from anti-virus, and the worldwide CTO George Kurtz explains why.McAfee Wavesecure

“Over the past years McAfee has transformed from a business focused on antivirus software to a company focused on cybersecurity as a whole. We have long moved beyond the PC and beyond simple antivirus to secure myriad endpoint devices, networks as well as the cloud. And as we have grown, with each passing year endpoint antivirus has become a smaller and smaller percentage of our overall business.”

Pamela Warren, McAfee's Global Cybercrime Strategist and Director of Public Sector and Critical Infrastructure Initiatives, clearly shares Kurtz strategy to protect end points from malware and data loss. During her presentation at AusCERT Warren proposed that by 2020 there would be 50 billion IP connected devices, 2 trillion online transactions and 4 billion connected people on the Internet - making the problem of compromised end points a great market for both the good guys and the cyber criminals.

Kurtz concluded “The exponential growth of cybercrime hasn’t been slowed in any way by the advent of newer devices – it has only accelerated as the number of potential targets has proliferated. As part of Intel we will innovate further and provide additional technologies for the world beyond the PC. We expect a 50-fold increase in connected devices over the coming decade, posing a formidable security and management challenge. We’re ready for that challenge and the opportunity.”


This was first published in May 2011


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World IPv6 Day coming June 8 - what should you be doing?

On 8 June, 2011, a number of large networks will offer their content over IPv6 for a 24-hour “test flight”.

Over 289 sites have registered to be part of the IPv6 test, and will make content available via their IPv6 connected networks for 24 hours. Participants include search engine providers Google, Yahoo!, Microsoft Bing.com; content providers Akamai and Limelight Networks; and content sites Facebook, Microsoft Xbox.com, and engadget.com. A number of US government websites will be available via IPv6, and numerous Australian and New Zealand networks are also taking part.

Known colloquially as "Test Drive Day", the event is organised by the Internet Society with the support of several large content providers, some of whom are mentioned above. The test will primarily consist of websites publishing DNS AAAA records, allowing IPv6 capable hosts to connect using IPv6.

While some users will connect using native IPv6 many will use 6to4 or Teredo tunnels via an IPv6 broker. Local brokers include gogo6, AARNet, Internode and IPv6Now.

According to the Internet Society "The goal is to motivate organisations across the industry – Internet service providers, hardware makers, operating system vendors and web companies – to prepare their services for IPv6 to ensure a successful transition as IPv4 address space runs out."

The IPv4 address space of approximately 4.3 billion addresses is nearing complete exhaustion; in late April this year the remaining IPv4 addresses allocated to the Australian and New Zealand region were assigned. IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses, providing approximately 340 undecillion addresses minus the addresses reserved for unique local (fc00::/7), document prefix (2001:db8::/32), 6to4 (2002::/16), teredo (2001::/32), 6bone (5f00::/8), orchid (2001:10::/28) and multicast (ff00::/8).

Don’t worry though, that’s still an awful lot of IP addresses. One undecillion is 1036 and generally accepted as well beyond any imaginable quantity and more than will be needed. Essentially each person on the planet gets more than a few million IP addresses for each cell in their body.

Not everyone is 100% happy regardless of how many IP addresses they receive - a few passionate naysayers at the recent RIPE 62 meeting 2-6 May 2011 in Amsterdam were suspicious of the IPv6 trial. Some network operators have resisted IPv6, and until recently vendor support for IPv6 capable home user routers was extremely limited.

IPv6 appears a little scary on the first look and is new territory for many network administrators, vendor support can still be patchy and the Internet is more than a few web sites - how prepared popular Internet connected non-browser based software is for IPv6 is largely unknown without thorough unit testing.

Many well known vendors don’t support IPv6 outside core routing and switching, only a few security proxies support IPv6. Monitoring and reporting may also cause issues, although companies such as Sourcefire are putting a great deal of effort into identifying and blocking IPv6 based attacks.

The perceived speed of websites in a dual stack world may also be an issue for many participating in World IPv6 Day. It is clear that setting up IPv6 tunnels over IPv4 will add latency to connections. However it seems unlikely that service providers will see an impact on their network or their call centres unless their networks are blocking ICMP packets.

As Mark Newton from Internode pointed out at AusCERT2011, “In an IPv6 world ICMP is not an optional part of TCP/IP”.

ICMP is required for IPv6 to function. Eric Carter, Cisco Security Research Engineer describes the differences between ICMP in a IPv4 world and IPv6.

"In IPv4, ICMP provides error reporting, flow control and first-hop gateway redirection."."With IPv6, however, ICMP has gained a much more significant and essential role because of new functionality that is now performed through ICMP. Fragmentation, Neighbor Discovery, and StateLess Address AutoConfiguration (SLAAC) represent essential functionality which is now performed using ICMP messages. Furthermore, many ICMP messages are designed to be sent to multicast addresses instead of only unicast addresses. Therefore, ICMP in IPv6 gains a whole new importance".

In an IPv6 world ICMP is not an optional part of TCP/IP

Mark Newton, Internode

IPv6 compatibility for some DNS servers is also raising some questions. As early as 2005 Microsoft advised via TechNet that misconfigured DNS servers operating in a dual stack environment may cause problems.

“Due to misconfigured DNS servers on the Internet, computers that use both IPv4 and IPv6 might not be able to resolve names and connect to Internet resources. This rare problem occurs when a misconfigured DNS server receives a request to resolve a name to one or more IPv6 addresses (a request for AAAA records). If the DNS server does not support IPv6, the name query fails. The querying node then sends a request to resolve the name to a set of IPv4 addresses (a request for A records). The misconfigured DNS server drops the subsequent DNS query for IPv4 addresses and the entire name resolution attempt fails”.

The technote continues “If you are experiencing this problem, ask your Internet service provider to reconfigure their DNS server to accept the subsequent DNS query for A records after failing the DNS query for AAAA records.”

Microsoft’s IPv6 Day blog attempted to downplay any possibility of World IPv6 Day would cause problems.

“Most people won't even notice World IPv6 Day. If you have no IPv6 connectivity, then you will continue to work as before. If you happen to have IPv6 connectivity, then your connectivity to participating websites will automatically shift over to IPv6.” Microsoft have supported IPv6 since Windows XP. Windows Vista and Windows 7 are automatically enabled to use IPv6 when it is provided by your ISP and your local network. Apple introduced IPv6 support in Mac OS X 10.2 Jaguar.

How to take part

If you’d like to bring your company’s website online using IPv6 during the World IPv6 Day you’ll need to make it IPv6 accessible using dual stack technology and provide a AAAA record for the site. IPv4 websites will of course continue to be accessible over IPv4 during the event.

Once your IPv6 availability is confirmed by your ISP and you have replicated your IPv4 firewall rules on your security infrastructure, you can be added to the list of participating sites by contacting the Internet Society. http://www.worldipv6day.org/how-to-join/ provides more information.

Want to test your IPv6 capability right now? Try http://test-ipv6.com/.



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